Top ancient Thai cities to Immerse Yourself in History and Wonder
Discover the history, beauty and culture of four ancient Thai cities. Find out what sites and activities to add to your bucket list at each.
When you visit Thailand, you will be stepping into a country where history and tradition pervade modern life. No matter where you go or what you do, you will discover that the centuries have left their mark on Thai architecture and culture.
If you find yourself intrigued by Thailand’s history and want to truly feel like you have journeyed back in time, visit one or more of these ancient Thai cities. Each features beautifully preserved ruins that help you envision what life was like hundreds and even thousands of years ago.
Ayutthaya
North of Bangkok, you will come across the ancient city of Ayutthaya. This city served as the capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which existed between 1351 and 1767. Sometimes, that kingdom was also known as “Siam.” Today, the ruins of the ancient city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
A Brief History of Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya was founded in 1351 by King U Thong. During its heyday, which lasted until the middle of the 18th century, it was one of the largest cities in the world. The city’s location was strategically chosen. The rivers to either side of the island on which it stands gave it access to the sea for trade, but larger seafaring vessels were not able to assail it.
Just how large was Ayutthaya? This Thai old city was estimated to have around 1,000,000 people living in it by the turn of the 18th century. Its beauty, fame, and watery surroundings earned it the moniker “Venice of the East.”
Alas, Ayutthaya’s glory came to a swift end in 1767, when the Burmese army swept through the city, destroying it. That was also the fall of Siam and the end of an era of Thai history.
What to Do in Ayutthaya
Many Buddhist statues remains after centuries
While the old city of Ayutthaya was destroyed, today, there is a modern Ayutthaya to explore, along with spectacular ruins of the ancient city. Visitors can find the ruins of the old city at Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. As you marvel at what remains of vast Buddhist monasteries and reliquary towers, you will be able to imagine just how majestic and immense this ancient city used to be. The architectural details showcase impressive craftsmanship. They also demonstrate the global trade that passed through the city, with influences from diverse cultures.
Some famous temples to see at Ayutthaya include Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon, Wat Phra Si Sanphet, and Wat Chai Watthanaram.
As we mentioned, there is a modern town here as well. While you visit, you can stop by the Chao Sam Phraya National Museum and the Ayutthaya Historical Study Centre. To grab a snack or shop for souvenirs, head to the Ayutthaya Night Market or the Ayutthaya Floating Market.
Chiang Mai
One of the most popular destinations for tourists in Thailand is the ancient city of Chiang Mai. This city is second only to Bangkok in size and offers a window to the past through its many historical attractions.
A Brief History of Chiang Mai
While the name “Chiang Mai” translates to “new city,” it was only new back when it was founded in 1296 by Mangrai. At the time, it was replacing the former capital of the Lan Na Kingdom, which was Chiang Rai.
As with Ayutthaya, Chiang Mai’s proximity to water (in this case, the Ping River) made it a hub for trade. The city’s importance faded as the Lan Na Kingdom deteriorated, however. In 1556, the Taungoo occupied it, and in 1774, the Thonburi Kingdom absorbed it after driving out the occupying Taungoo forces. The Taungoo attacked again a couple years later, and the city emptied out between 1776 and 1791.
This Thai ancient city enjoyed a period of renewed prominence beginning in 1951, when a new administrative division was created, which later became a municipality. Over the decades that followed, Chiang Mai expanded. Tourism is one of its major industries, fueling much of that growth.
What to Do in Chiang Mai
Alongside temples, handicraft workshops such as pottery-making, silver-making and local market are among the best things to do in Chiang Mai
While Chiang Mai is a bustling city, it is not as hectic as Bangkok and can feel like a more relaxing destination. It is particularly famous for its Buddhist temples. Inside the city gates, you can visit old temples such as Wat Chedi Luang, Wat Pra Singh and Wat Phan Tao. Outside the gates, you will find additional temples like Wat Lok Molee and Wat Sri Suphan.
While you will likely spend much of your visit exploring these temples to learn more about the city’s historical and religious heritage, be sure to also stop by the markets to indulge in delicious street foods and shop for clothing and handicrafts.
If you have additional time, venture out into the surrounding area to destinations such as the Grand Canyon (a fun and distinctive local water park) and the Bua Thong “Sticky Waterfall.”
Sukhothai
During the 13th and 14th centuries, the town of Sukhothai served as the capital of the First Kingdom of Siam. Today, it is another top destination for visitors wanting to embark on an adventure back in time through historical Thailand.
A Brief History of Sukhothai
Before Sukhothai became a powerful capital, it had humble origins as a provincial town that was part of the Khmer Empire. After becoming an independent capital of the Kingdom of Siam, it grew to support a population of around 80,000 residents. Many of the monasteries in the city were constructed during the late 14th century.
Alas, Sukhothai’s mighty standing was not to last. The Ayutthaya kingdom was rising in reach and influence and took over Sukhothai in 1438. Afterward, Sukhothai struggled in its reduced role after absorption into the kingdom. Late in the 15th century, or early in the 16th century (historians are not sure which), the city was abandoned.
As its beautiful old sites were not all destroyed, however, the government of Thailand partnered with UNESCO to restore the historic town and declare it a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The modern city boasts less than half the population that the old Thai city had at its height but thrives today on crafting, fishing and tourism.
What to Do in Sukhothai
Ancient ruins in Sukhothai
To experience the ancient sites for which Sukhothai is famous, go to the Sukhothai Historical Park. As the park covers 27 square miles and features 193 ruins, you will need a way to get around. One fun idea is to rent a bicycle. You’ll be able to cover ample distance while marveling at the temples, royal palace (Noen Prasat), and additional structures.
The most famous temple at the park is Wat Mahathat. Other noteworthy temples include Wat Si Sawai, Wat Phra Phai Luang, Wat Sa Si, and Wat Asokaram. You can also visit the park’s branch of the National Museum of Thailand, the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum.
Nakhon Pathom
This central city, which is located west of Bangkok, was once the capital of the Nakhon Pathom province. It is best known for being the home of Phra Pathommachedi, one of the world’s tallest Buddhist stupas.
A Brief History of Nakhon Pathom
Founded in 40 BC, Nakhon Pathom is among the most ancient of the old Thai cities. During its early history, it was a capital of a Mon kingdom called Dvaravati. Missionaries from India brought Buddhism to the city. The religion spread from there to the surrounding region.
What to Do in Nakhon Pathom
Nakhon Pathom is well-known for many temples with striking architecture
Phra Pathommachedi (“First Holy Stupa”) is one of the top locations you should visit in this Thai ancient city. The base of this incredible stupa has a circumference measuring 235.50 meters, while the spire soars to an impressive 120.45 meters. While the original stupa on the site dates back to Dvaravati, it fell into ruin and had to be rebuilt to what you see at present.
As you are admiring the stupa, be sure to drop by the Phra Pathommachedi National Museum. The exhibits there teach you more about the history of this Thai old city. Another temple you can make time to visit is Wat Phra Praton Praton Chedi. While this temple is small, it contains one of the country’s most ancient stupas, standing 50 meters tall. It is believed its origins were around the 4th century.
Other destinations to visit while you are exploring Nakhon Pathom include the women’s temple Wat Songdhammakalyani, the Sanam Chan Palace complex (now the location of the Sanam Chan Palace Campus of Silpakorn University) and the Dragon Temple Wat Sam Phran.
Plan Your Tour of ancient Thai cities with Exotic Voyages
The old Thai cities of Ayutthaya, Chiang Mai, Sukhothai and Nakhon Pathom await. To make sure you include the most exciting historical sites in your itinerary, design your tour with Exotic Voyages. We can also help you discover other exciting attractions throughout Thailand, and book stays in luxurious accommodations.
